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The Last Pagan Emperor: Julian the Apostate and the War against Christianity de H.C. Teitler

The Last Pagan Emperor: Julian the Apostate and the War against Christianity

Autor H.C. Teitler
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 20 apr 2017

Aplicabilitatea practică a volumului The Last Pagan Emperor rezidă în capacitatea sa de a demonta miturile istoriografice prin examinarea riguroasă a surselor primare. Considerăm că lucrarea lui H.C. Teitler este esențială pentru înțelegerea tranziției religioase din secolul al IV-lea, oferind o perspectivă nuanțată asupra scurtei, dar intensei domnii a lui Iulian Apostatul. Textul explorează cum un nepot al lui Constantin cel Mare, educat în spirit creștin, a ajuns să încerce restaurarea cultelor tradiționale și a sacrificiilor de animale, provocând o reacție virulentă din partea Bisericii.

Suntem de părere că elementul distinctiv al acestei analize este focalizarea pe validitatea acuzațiilor de persecuție. Autorul analizează critic Against the Galilaeans, tratatul prin care Iulian ataca fundamentul credinței creștine, și faimosul său Edict Școlar, care interzicea creștinilor să predea retorică și filosofie. Deși tonul este academic, narațiunea este construită cu o claritate care face argumentele accesibile, investigând dacă violențele imperiale au fost rezultatul unei politici de stat sau incidente locale scăpate de sub control. Comparabil cu Julian de Philip Freeman în rigurozitate, volumul de față este însă actualizat pentru noile dezbateri privind natura toleranței și a violenței religioase în antichitatea târzie. În timp ce Freeman se concentrează pe biografia tragică, H.C. Teitler pune sub lupă mecanismele legale și retorice ale conflictului religios, oferind o evaluare critică a moștenirii lui Iulian dincolo de eticheta de apostat.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780190626501
ISBN-10: 019062650X
Pagini: 312
Dimensiuni: 142 x 211 x 31 mm
Greutate: 0.43 kg
Editura: Oxford University Press
Colecția OUP USA
Locul publicării:New York, United States

De ce să citești această carte

Recomandăm această carte studenților la istorie și cititorilor pasionați de antichitatea târzie care doresc să depășească viziunea simplistă a conflictului dintre păgânism și creștinism. Veți câștiga o înțelegere profundă a modului în care politica și religia s-au intersectat în ultimul efort imperial de a opri ascensiunea creștinismului. Este o lectură clară, documentată, care separă propaganda religioasă de realitatea administrativă a Imperiului Roman.

Despre autor

H.C. Teitler este un istoric specializat în antichitatea târzie, cunoscut pentru analizele sale meticuloase asupra surselor clasice. În această lucrare publicată de Oxford University Press, autorul își folosește expertiza pentru a reevalua figura complexă a lui Iulian Apostatul, ultimul împărat păgân. Teitler se remarcă prin capacitatea de a sintetiza surse divergente — de la scrierile polemice ale împăratului până la textele apologetice creștine — oferind o imagine echilibrată a unui lider care a încercat să schimbe cursul istoriei religioase a Europei.

Descriere

Flavius Claudius Julianus was the last pagan to sit on the Roman imperial throne (361-363). Born in Constantinople in 331 or 332, Julian was raised as a Christian, but apostatized, and during his short reign tried to revive paganism, which, after the conversion to Christianity of his uncle Constantine the Great early in the fourth century, began losing ground at an accelerating pace. Having become an orphan when he was still very young, Julian was taken care of by his cousin Constantius II, one of Constantine's sons, who permitted him to study rhetoric and philosophy and even made him co-emperor in 355. But the relations between Julian and Constantius were strained from the beginning, and it was only Constantius' sudden death in 361 which prevented an impending civil war.As sole emperor, Julian restored the worship of the traditional gods. He opened pagan temples again, reintroduced animal sacrifices, and propagated paganism through both the spoken and the written word. In his treatise Against the Galilaeans he sharply criticised the religion of the followers of Jesus whom he disparagingly called 'Galilaeans'. He put his words into action, and issued laws which were displeasing to Christians--the most notorious being his School Edict. This provoked the anger of the Christians, who reacted fiercely, and accused Julian of being a persecutor like his predecessors Nero, Decius, and Diocletian. Violent conflicts between pagans and Christians made themselves felt all over the empire. It is disputed whether or not Julian himself was behind such outbursts. Accusations against the Apostate continued to be uttered even after the emperor's early death. In this book, the feasibility of such charges is examined.

Recenzii

An impeccably scholarly work. It establishes in great detail, and with a certain dry humor, the fact that most of the martyrdoms said to have been undergone by Christians during the reign of the apostate emperor were mere fairy tales invented by Christians of a later age.
The book is written in an easy-to-read prose that will please students and scholars alike, whether familiar or not with the characters and texts treated. Almost fifty pages of notes, sixty-six of bibliography, and a useful index close the book. ... In summary, the book is a major contribution to the late antique debate of the conflict between paganism and Christianity as it engages in topics which until not so long ago were nearly undeniable
The author's explication of the troublesome ancient sources (such as Christian apologetics and letters) particularly impresses. This book [explains] everything clearly and pleasantly without requiring specialized knowledge. An excellent introduction to this period and its personalities. ... Summing Up: Highly recommended. All levels/libraries.
It is about time someone put the myth of Julian the Persecutor to rest. Teitler does it with style, authority, and some well-placed humor. There is an enormous amount of erudition packed into these pages, yet they unfold at a measured, almost leisurely pace. The result is a study that is both highly informative and highly accessible. It is that rare combination of a lively and readable text with thorough documentation.
In the reign of Julian religious tensions ran high. Teitler reveals how the flashpoints these created were magnified and distorted in their retelling by later Christian authors. From this book emerges a much clearer picture of late antiquity's most enigmatic emperor.
Teitler offers a compelling, vivid, and readable portrait of the life and legacy of the emperor Julian. He traces Julian's path from Christianity to paganism, explains the careful measures the emperor took to shift the religious landscape of the Roman world, and shows how Christian contemporaries unfairly redefined Julian as a persecuting tyrant. This book provides an exciting new way to understand the mind of Rome's last pagan emperor as well as the world that shaped our modern views of Julian's unique legacy.
Teitler has pulled off the trick of exculpating Julian of anti-Christian pogroms in a fully evidenced and highly accessible text -- a page-turner, in fact. He does not, of course, suggest that there were not attacks on Christians -- simply that there was no Julianic programme of religious cleansing. Indeed, we see Julian upbraiding those who would indulge in torture and execution on the grounds that the worst you could do is deny a would-be saint martyrdom ... The reviewer has no hesitation in recommending this book to all readers

Notă biografică

H.C. Teitler, born in Surabaya in the Dutch East Indies--now Indonesia--and raised in Den Helder and Amsterdam in the Netherlands, studied Classics at the University of Amsterdam. He served as Assistant Professor of Ancient History at Utrecht University from 1975 until his retirement in 2002.