Across every great innovation wave, one pattern repeats: the companies that build the essential infrastructure make the world possible - but rarely make the greatest wealth.
The railroads built a continent and went bankrupt doing it. The Bell System built the most magnificent innovation engine in the history of business, and the government took it apart. Samuel Insull electrified America and died a public villain. The fiber-optic carriers laid the pipes for the internet, lost everything, and handed the fortune to the companies built on top of them.
Now trillions of dollars are pouring into the infrastructure of artificial intelligence - the data centers, the chips, the power plants - on the assumption that owning the essential layer means owning the future. Alan Shimel has seen this movie before. He lived through the fiber buildout and its collapse as an operator, not an observer, and in The Indispensability Trap he traces the same pattern across five buildouts, a century and a half apart, to show why becoming essential has never been the same thing as becoming rich - and why AI's infrastructure boom may be no exception.
With a foreword by Daniel Newman, one of the most prominent bulls in AI investing, who argues with the book rather than merely endorsing it, The Indispensability Trap is essential reading for anyone building, investing in, or simply trying to understand where the real fortunes of the AI era will land.