This edited volume assembles a wide array of writings by Hirabayashi Hatsunosuke, one of 20th-century Japan's foremost intellectuals, translated for the first time into English.

It begins with an introduction by the editors, Seth Jacobowitz and Aaron William Moore, that contextualizes Hirabayashi's significance as a non-doctrinaire Marxist cultural critic, visionary thinker, and much-beloved popular fiction writer. The 'Short Stories', features a selection of Hirabayashi's literary work, including science fiction ('The Artificial Human'), detective fiction ('This is How I Died!'), and more idiosyncratic works such as 'Demon at the Pulpit', an antitheist and anticlerical story.

The 'Essays' provides a range of groundbreaking critical and theoretical tracts that address such topics as 'The Social Basis of Modernism', 'The Feminisation of Culture', 'Political Value and Artistic Value: A Re-Appraisal of Marxist Literary Theory', 'Film as a Mechanism of Americanization', 'The Technological Revolution in Literature and the Arts', and many more. Hirabayashi's systematic approach to cultural theory befitting the era of massification in the 1920s places him front and centre in the hothouse intellectual climate of pre-war Japan. It also affords striking parallels to the leading thinkers in Europe such as Walter Benjamin and Antonio Gramsci, thereby forming an integral part of the history of global modernity.