The Bacteriophages (The Viruses) de Richard Calendar

The Bacteriophages: Volume 2: The Viruses

Richard Calendar

en Limba Engleză Paperback – 13 mar 2012

It has been 10 years since the Plenum Publishing Corporation printed a series of review articles on bacteriophages in Comprehensive Virology. Articles in that series contained physical-genetic maps but very little DNA sequence information. Now the complete DNA sequence is known for some phages, and others will soon follow. During the past 10 years, two phages have come into common use as reagents: A phage for cloning single copies of genes, and M13 for cloning and DNA sequencing by the dideoxy termination method. Also during this period the use of alter native sigma factors by RNA polymerase has become established for and T4. This seems to be a widely used mechanism in bacteria, SPO 1 since it has been implicated in sporulation, heat shock response, and regulation of nitrogen metabolism. The control of transcription by the binding of A phage CII protein to the -35 region of the promoter is a recent finding, and it is not known how widespread this mechanism may be. This rapid progress made me eager to solicit a new series of reviews. These chapters are of two types: each of the first type deals with an issue that is exemplified by many kinds of phages. Chapters of this type should be useful in teaching advanced courses. Chapters of the second type pro vide comprehensive pictures of individual phage families and should pro vide valuable information for use in planning experiments.

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Cuprins

1 Biology of the Bacteriophage ?X174.- I. Introduction.- II. Background.- III. Phage Structure.- IV. Infection.- V. DNA Synthesis and Packaging.- VI. Gene Expression.- VII. Lysis.- VIII. Effects of ?X174 Genes on Host Bacterial Cells.- IX. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 2 The P2-like Phages and Their Parasite, P4.- I. Introduction.- II. The Virions.- III. The Genomes.- IV. Life Cycles of P2-like Phages.- V. The Life Cycle of Phage P4.- VI. Appendixes.- References.- 3 Strategies of Bacteriophage DNA Replication.- I. Introduction.- II. Replication of Single-Stranded DNA Molecule Bacteriophages M13, fd, fl, G4, and ?X174.- III. Replication of Circular Double-Stranded Bacteriophages.- IV. Replication of Double-Stranded Linear Bacteriophages.- References.- 4 Regulation of Phage Gene Expression by Termination and Antitermination of Transcription.- I. Introduction.- II. Coliphage Lambda.- III. P2 Phages and Satellite Phage P4.- IV. Conclusions.- References.- 5 DNA Packaging in dsDNA Bacteriophages.- I. Introduction.- II. Energetics and Mechanism of DNA Translocation.- III. Structure of Packaged Phage DNA.- IV. Terminase and Headful Cutting of Concatemeric DNA in Packaging.- V. Interactions of DNA Packaging with Other DNA Processes in Vivo, and DNA Structural Requirements for Packaging.- VI. Conclusions.- References.- 6 Filamentous Bacteriophage.- I. Introduction.- II. Genes and Proteins.- III. Virion Structure.- IV. Infection.- V. DNA Replication.- VI. Expression of the f1 Genes.- VII. Morphogenesis.- VIII. Genetics and Physiology.- IX. Other Reviews and Conclusions.- References.- 7 Bacteriophage N4.- I. Introduction.- II. The Virion.- III. The Genome.- IV. N4 Adsorption.- V. N4 Growth Cycle.- VI. N4 Transcription.- VII. N4 Replication.- VIII. N4 Genetics.- IX.Prospects.- References.- 8 Lipid-Containing Bacteriophages.- I. Introduction.- II. Bacteriophage ?6.- III. PRD1-Type Phages.- IV. Morphogenetic Proteins in Phage Membrane Assembly.- References.- 9 Phage T4 Structure and Metabolism.- I. Introduction and Overview.- II. Structure and Initiation of Infection.- III. Regulation of Transcription.- IV. Posttranscriptional Controls.- V. Modification and Restriction of T4 DNA.- VI. DNA Replication and Recombination.- VII. DNA Packaging.- VIII. Virion Structure and Assembly.- IX. Outlook.- References.- 10 Phages of Cyanobacteria.- I. Introduction.- II. Genetics.- III. Physiology.- IV. Ecology.- V. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 11 Bacteriophage P22.- I. Introduction.- II. Life Cycle.- III. Genetic Structure and Function.- References.- 12 Bacteriophage Gene Products That Cause Human Disease.- I. Introduction.- II. Diphtheria Toxin.- III. Botulinum Toxin.- IV. Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxins.- V. Staphylococcal Enterotoxins.- VI. Shigalike Toxins of Escherichia coli.- VII. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 13 Structure and Function of the Transcription Activator Protein cII and Its Regulatory Signals.- I. Introduction.- II. cII-Regulated Promoter Signals.- III. Physical, Chemical, and Functional Characterization of Purified cII Protein.- IV. Sequence-Specific DNA Binding.- V. Domain Analysis of cII Protein.- VI. Cross-Reactivity of ? cII and P22 Cl Proteins on Promoter Signals from ?, P22, and i21 Phages.- VII. Control of cII Degradation.- References.