Sustainable development refers to the development that does not compromise with the needs of future generations to meet the needs of the present. It is the ability to sustain natural resources for use by the future generations. The objective of sustainable development is to fight the global challenges of climate change, inequality, environmental degradation, poverty and justice. It aims to achieve the goal of human-ecosystem equilibrium. The process of productivity worldwide can be sustained by replacing the resources which are being exploited with resources of equal or greater value which do not adversely affect the natural biotic systems. It focuses on solving issues related to the carrying capacity of the natural resources in light of the current social, economic and political changes. This book traces the progress of this field and highlights some of its key concepts and applications. It elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary manner. In this book, using case studies and examples, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts of sustainable development as easy and informative as possible, for the readers.