This volume presents the response of the eukaryotic translational apparatus to cellular stress and apoptosis, including kinases activated through both the ERK and stress-activated pathways. It further explores two agents that inhibit protein synthesis, calcium and the immunosuppressant rapamycin. Six chapters written by leading experts in the field provide both new data and comprehensive literature reviews. Both the regulation of initiation and elongation are discussed, and the mechanisms of apoptosis are related to changes in the protein synthesis machinery.