How can the giant amount of data obtained in the Human Genome Project and related research endeavours can be used for practical medicine? What are the current problems with phenotype-genotype association studies? How association studies can be applied to the needs of medicinal diagnosis in the framework of personalised medicine? These and many other questions are asked all the time by tens of thousands of researchers from biomedical communities from all over the globe. In this volume, the author attempts to further our understanding of biological function from molecular level upwards and to find some of the answers.