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Royal Bastards: The Birth of Illegitimacy, 800-1230 de Sara McDougall

Royal Bastards: The Birth of Illegitimacy, 800-1230: Oxford Studies In Medieval European History

Autor Sara McDougall
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 3 noi 2016

Notăm cu interes apariția volumului Royal Bastards, o lucrare adresată studenților la istorie medie, cercetătorilor în istorie juridică și practicienilor interesați de evoluția conceptelor de legitimitate și moștenire. Sara McDougall propune o schimbare de paradigmă în înțelegerea modului în care societatea europeană dintre anii 800 și 1230 a tratat copiii născuți în afara căsătoriei oficiale. Spre deosebire de viziunea tradițională, care punea stigmatizarea 'bastarzilor' pe seama dogmei bisericești timpurii, această cercetare demonstrează că statutul de moștenitor a rămas strâns legat de descendența și rangul ambilor părinți, nu doar de sfințenia uniunii lor.

Remarcăm rigurozitatea cu care autoarea analizează cazurile regale, evidențiind faptul că excluderea copiilor ilegitimi din succesiune a fost mai degrabă rezultatul unor dispute juridice strategice între moștenitori, care au folosit legea canonică drept instrument de eliminare a rivalilor. Volumul este comparabil cu The Royal Bastards of Medieval England de Chris Given-Wilson în ceea ce privește atenția acordată genealogiei puterii, dar aduce o perspectivă actualizată prin mutarea accentului de la autoritatea centrală a Bisericii către agenția actorilor sociali individuali.

Structura narativă este una densă, academică, dar extrem de clară, oferind o perspectivă nouă asupra istoriei politice și sociale a Europei. Suntem de părere că această lucrare recontextualizează fundamental tranziția de la criteriile de sânge la cele de validitate maritală, oferind o resursă esențială pentru înțelegerea structurilor de putere medievale din seria Oxford Studies In Medieval European History.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780198785828
ISBN-10: 0198785828
Pagini: 336
Dimensiuni: 161 x 241 x 23 mm
Greutate: 0.63 kg
Editura: OUP OXFORD
Colecția OUP Oxford
Seria Oxford Studies In Medieval European History

Locul publicării:Oxford, United Kingdom

De ce să citești această carte

Recomandăm această carte istoricilor și studenților care doresc să înțeleagă rădăcinile juridice și sociale ale conceptului de legitimitate. Cititorul câștigă o perspectivă demistificată asupra Evului Mediu, descoperind cum legile căsătoriei au fost folosite ca arme politice pentru controlul succesiunii. Este un studiu esențial despre modul în care statutul social a prevalat mult timp asupra normelor religioase în definirea dreptului la moștenire.

Despre autor

Sara McDougall este o istorică americană specializată în perioada medievală, recunoscută pentru cercetările sale asupra istoriei sociale și juridice a Europei. Prin volumul de față, publicat de OUP OXFORD, ea se afirmă ca o voce importantă în istoriografia contemporană, explorând teme complexe precum căsătoria, adulterul și statutul juridic al copiilor. Lucrarea sa de față, a doua din carieră, a fost primită cu entuziasm de critică pentru detaliul analitic și capacitatea de a reevalua surse istorice consacrate, consolidându-i reputația în rândul medievistilor americani.

Descriere

The stigmatization as 'bastards' of children born outside of wedlock is commonly thought to have emerged early in Medieval European history. Christian ideas about legitimate marriage, it is assumed, set the standard for legitimate birth. Children born to anything other than marriage had fewer rights or opportunities. They certainly could not become king or queen. As this volume demonstrates, however, well into the late twelfth century, ideas of what made a child a legitimate heir had little to do with the validity of his or her parents' union according to the dictates of Christian marriage law. Instead a child's prospects depended upon the social status, and above all the lineage, of both parents. To inherit a royal or noble title, being born to the right father mattered immensely, but also being born to the right kind of mother. Such parents could provide the most promising futures for their children, even if doubt was cast on the validity of the parents' marriage. Only in the late twelfth century did children born to illegal marriages begin to suffer the same disadvantages as the children born to parents of mixed social status. Even once this change took place we cannot point to 'the Church' as instigator. Instead, exclusion of illegitimate children from inheritance and succession was the work of individual litigants who made strategic use of Christian marriage law. This new history of illegitimacy rethinks many long-held notions of medieval social, political, and legal history.

Recenzii

McDougall employs an impressive array of sources, including individual case studies, theological writings, chronicles, genealogies, letters, charters, and literary works, providing a rare glimpse into the lives of an array of noble families. The significance of maternal lineage in determining status calls into question past tendencies to discount the importance of royal wives and mothers during this period. McDougall situates the sources, particularly those issued by the church, within the wider context of the individual disputes that prompted their production. This approach allows McDougall to identify the full range of factors that informed attitudes about royal succession between 900 and 1250, providing an important caution against the temptation to "read back" terms and practices on the past.
With tremendous patience, [McDougall] skillfully and deeply contextualizes familiar primary sources (legal treatises, theological texts, chronicles, letters, and legal documents), taking nothing for granted. She takes great care to avoid facile assumptions about etymology and linguistic shifts while carefully accounting for authorial bias and purpose. She casts a sceptical eye at all the secondary literature on the subject of legitimacy as she tries to determine, as much as possible, what illegitimacy meant to kings and queens as they measured throne worthiness...This book is essential reading for all scholars, particularly those with an interest in monarchy and political theory.
By reassessing traditional theories on illegitimacy and offering an alternative reading of primary sources, this study will likely serve as a stepping stone for new studies on marriage and inheritance practices in the Middle Ages.
McDougall employs an impressive array of sources, including individual case studies, theological writings, chronicles, genealogies, letters, charters, and literary works, providing a rare glimpse into the lives of an array of noble families.
Sara McDougall has written a brilliant and important book, one that should be essential reading as we reevaluate the assumptions of traditional scholarship on how political communities in medieval Europe were formed and maintained. ... Her deep reading into the secondary literature and her willingness to reference works of scholars who are writing "against the grain" mark her as belonging to the community of trailblazers who demand that traditional political history be challenged, especially in the realm of assumptions about gender, women's roles, and female status. Both are deeply appreciated by this reader.
Sara McDougall's new book on bastardy in the Middle Ages is a fundamental contribution to the field of family history, remarkable for the breadth and number of examples provided across Europe and the Mediterranean throughout four centuries, the in-depth analysis of literary, documentary and legislative sources considered, and the convincing nature of the case she puts forward.
This will remain a landmark study, a profound insight into a fundamental principle of social organization.
undoubtedly a significant work of scholarship, rich in detailed discussion, and full of thought-provoking suggestions that are sure to stimulate new research ... this book sets the agenda for a thoughtful reassessment of the ideas, laws, and practices of medieval inheritance and marriage as a whole, and will repay the reader's engagement with its suggestions.
This is Sara McDougall's second book and it should establish her as one of the high flyers among American medieval historians ... she concentrates on royal cases -- explored in rich detail though without wasted words -- which should interest political historians even if they are not particularly concerned with medieval marriage as such, but the thesis applies more generally, a fortiori. She attacks the conventional narrative with the verve of a brilliant litigator with all the facts at her command, ranging from Merovingian Francia to the thirteenth century ... [an] important contribution to our understanding of politics, inheritance and the papacy in the Middle Ages.

Notă biografică

Sara McDougall is Associate Professor of History at John Jay College of Criminal Justice of the City University of New York and is a member of the doctoral faculty at the CUNY Graduate Center. Her research focuses primarily on marriage and law in medieval Europe. She is the author of Bigamy and Christian Identity in Late Medieval Champagne (2012) and has also published on adultery, marriage, illicit sex, and the role of gender in canon law. She was a Mellon fellow in Historical Studies at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in 2014-2015.