The volume provides transliterations, translations, and autograph copies of approximately 50 Akkadian medical texts relevant to renal and rectal diseases in Babylonia. The introduction makes general observations regarding diagnosis and recipes used to combat diseases of the urinary tract and rectum. This is the first volume in the present series (Die babylonisch-assyrische Medizinin Texten und Untersuchungen ) to offer editions and translations of medical texts for the benefit of both philologists and historians of medicine.