This book is based primarily upon materials prepared between 1997 and 2010 by Carl D. Martland for "1.011 Project Evaluation", a required course within MIT's Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering that he designed, developed, and taught for many years. It is structured to be of interest to anyone interested in infrastructure systems, especially engineers, planners and managers who design, build and operate such systems. The book may also be of interest to students in planning or engineering who are interested in transportation, water resources, energy, city planning, or real estate development.