Preterm birth is the delivery of a baby when it is less than 37 weeks of gestational age. It is accompanied by uterine contractions occurring more frequently than every ten minutes, or vaginal fluid discharge. The presence of fetal fibronectin in cervical or vaginal secretions is a primary indicator of preterm birth. Obstetric ultrasound allows the assessment of the cervix in women who are at risk for premature birth. Although the highest percentage of death among infants is attributed to preterm birth, premature babies can survive with appropriate treatment. This includes keeping the baby warm, breastfeeding, providing breathing support and treating infections. The use of glucocorticoids in pregnant women who are at high risk of preterm delivery is strongly indicated for reducing respiratory distress, intraventricular bleeding, patent ductus arteriosus and necrotising enterocolitis. Routine antibiotic use is another recommended strategy for lowering mortality rates. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to the medical interventions required in preterm births. It provides significant information of preterm birth to help develop a good understanding of its mechanisms and the unique needs of a premature baby. This book is a collective contribution of a renowned group of international experts.