Episodic techniques developed in early twentieth century Russia and Germany, based on the study of Shakespeare's texts and other non-realistic plays. Playing episodes became the international silent film technique and is still the basis of most film work. Onstage today an episodic approach is especially useful for Shakespeare, Brecht and Sam Shepard, but essential for any actor working on realistic plays - Chekhov, Ibsen, and Williams, for example - in which a mass of individual "objectives" can obscure the events and significance of the play.Playing Episodes, Part Two in the Five Approaches to Acting Series includes a useful explanation of terms, instruction in applying techniques in rehearsal and performance, practical classroom exercises, detailed script analysis, the history and theory behind the approach, as well as inspiring examples to be seen on film.