This book covers the paleontology and geology of some important rock formations (Paleozoic and Paleogene) in the northeastern United States. The emphasis is on brachiopod paleontology, specifically taxonomy but comments on morphologic variation and community analysis are also included. The Martinsburg formation in the lower mid-Hudson Valley has been studied for many years but recently yielded numerous marine fossils that shed new light on the community ecology of the formation in the region. The Middle Silurian Shawangunk Formation near New Paltz, New York, is an important ridge-maker that extends toward the southwest into Pennsylvania. Recently discovered rare trace fossils in the Shawangunk are discussed along with the depositional environment of the conglomerate. The Onondaga Limestone is a well-known formation that crops out from Port Jervis, northeast toward Albany and the westward to Buffalo. The brachiopods and community structure of the formation are covered in some detail. The paleoecology of the Paleogene Hornerstown Formation of New Jersey including a biostrome of large terebratulid brachiopodsis is aslo discussed.