This book focuses on analytical and quantitative methods that align improvement opportunities with organizational goals and metrics. The book describes a framework that starts with developing a holistic view of an organization and then defining the organization’s goals, objectives, decision criteria, and metrics to result in meaningful measures for process, project, and product investment decisions. The author describes how to utilize decision-making tools, analytical methods, and optimization techniques to enhance the objectivity and robustness of the readers’ decisions. This framework supports the use of these tools and enables readers to make decisions that drive bottom-line performance. Aspects of this approach have been used in corporate, military, and government agencies to drive the efficient use of available resources.