This monograph summarizes results from the international research devoted to the design of efficient structured catalysts for the transformation of fuels into syngas, intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells and asymmetric supported oxygen separation/catalytic membranes based on new types of metal alloy/composite foam substrates. The comparative analysis of different porous permeable materials was performed in terms of the achievable pore size and relative density ranges, hydraulic permeability and transfer parameters. It was demonstrated that the open-cell foam provide a good combination of properties that can be advantageous in many catalytic applications.