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On the Heavens de Aristotle

On the Heavens

Autor Aristotle
en Limba Engleză Paperback

Analizele cosmologice și observațiile despre structura universului propuse în Aristotle: On the Heavens constituie fundamentul fizicii antice, oferind o perspectivă riguroasă asupra mișcării corpurilor cerești și a elementelor constitutive ale lumii sublunare. Găsim în această carte nu doar o expunere teoretică, ci o metodologie de cercetare bazată pe raționament logic, extrasă direct din notele de curs ale lui Aristotle de la Lyceum. Notăm cu interes modul în care autorul tratează imuabilitatea cerurilor și natura finită a universului, argumente care au dominat gândirea științifică europeană timp de secole. Această ediție din Loeb Classical Library, publicată de Harvard University Press, păstrează standardul academic de excelență, oferind un aparat critic esențial pentru înțelegerea terminologiei peripatetice. Volumul extinde cadrul propus de Metaphysics, Volume I cu date noi din sfera observației empirice a fenomenelor naturale, făcând trecerea de la studiul ființei ca ființă la studiul corpurilor în mișcare. Dacă în Categories. On Interpretation. Prior Analytics accentul este pus pe instrumentele logice ale gândirii, în „On the Heavens” putem observa aplicarea acestor instrumente în explicarea ordinii cosmice. Structura textului reflectă funcția sa originală de material didactic, fiind organizată pentru a facilita demonstrația și contraargumentarea. Putem afirma că relevanța acestui volum pentru curriculumul de istorie a filosofiei și a științei rămâne incontestabilă, reprezentând o verigă critică între speculația presocratică și rigoarea observațională a antichității târzii. Formatul durabil și traducerea fidelă fac din acest volum un instrument de lucru indispensabil pentru orice cercetător al filosofiei clasice.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781532843570
ISBN-10: 1532843577
Pagini: 62
Dimensiuni: 216 x 279 x 3 mm
Greutate: 0.17 kg

De ce să citești această carte

Această lucrare este esențială pentru studenții și cercetătorii care doresc să înțeleagă originile cosmologiei occidentale. Cititorul câștigă acces la sistemul de gândire care a definit limitele universului timp de aproape două milenii. Este un motiv concret pentru a achiziționa această ediție Loeb Classical Library: combinația dintre rigoarea academică și accesibilitatea traducerii moderne, într-un format durabil, ideal pentru studiu aprofundat.

Descriere scurtă

On the Heavens is a work by Aristotle. Aristotle 384-322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidice, on the northern periphery of Classical Greece. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, whereafter Proxenus of Atarneus became his guardian. At eighteen, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). His writings cover many subjects - including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics and government - and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great starting from 343 BC. According to the Encyclop dia Britannica, "Aristotle was the first genuine scientist in history ... and] every scientist is in his debt." Teaching Alexander the Great gave Aristotle many opportunities and an abundance of supplies. He established a library in the Lyceum which aided in the production of many of his hundreds of books. The fact that Aristotle was a pupil of Plato contributed to his former views of Platonism, but, following Plato's death, Aristotle immersed himself in empirical studies and shifted from Platonism to empiricism. He believed all peoples' concepts and all of their knowledge was ultimately based on perception. Aristotle's views on natural sciences represent the groundwork underlying many of his works. Aristotle's views on physical science profoundly shaped medieval scholarship. Their influence extended into the Renaissance and were not replaced systematically until the Enlightenment and theories such as classical mechanics. Some of Aristotle's zoological observations, such as on the hectocotyl (reproductive) arm of the octopus, were not confirmed or refuted until the 19th century. His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic. In metaphysics, Aristotelianism profoundly influenced Judeo-Islamic philosophical and theological thought during the Middle Ages and continues to influence Christian theology, especially the scholastic tradition of the Catholic Church. Aristotle was well known among medieval Muslim intellectuals and revered as "The First Teacher." His ethics, though always influential, gained renewed interest with the modern advent of virtue ethics. All aspects of Aristotle's philosophy continue to be the object of active academic study today. Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues - Cicero described his literary style as "a river of gold" - it is thought that only around a third of his original output has survived.

Notă biografică

Aristotle (384-322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher, scientist, and teacher whose writings became foundational works in Western philosophy and scholarship. A student of Plato and tutor to Alexander the Great, Aristotle founded the Lyceum in Athens and produced influential works on ethics, politics, logic, science, literature, and rhetoric.His systematic approach to knowledge shaped centuries of intellectual development. Aristotle's writings remain among the most studied works in history and continue to influence philosophy, education, science, political theory, and the study of human communication.

Descriere

Descriere de la o altă ediție sau format:
Peripatetic cosmology. Aristotle, great Greek philosopher, researcher, reasoner, and writer, born at Stagirus in 384 BC, was the son of a physician. He studied under Plato at Athens and taught there (367–347); subsequently he spent three years at the court of a former pupil in Asia Minor. After some time at Mitylene, in 343–342 he was appointed by King Philip of Macedon to be tutor of his teen-aged son Alexander. After Philip’s death in 336, Aristotle became head of his own school (of “Peripatetics”), the Lyceum at Athens. Because of anti-Macedonian feeling there after Alexander’s death in 323, he withdrew to Chalcis in Euboea, where he died in 322. Nearly all the works Aristotle prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture-materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as follows: I Practical: Nicomachean Ethics; Great Ethics (Magna Moralia); Eudemian Ethics; Politics; Economics (on the good of the family); On Virtues and Vices. II Logical: Categories; Analytics (Prior and Posterior); Interpretation; Refutations used by Sophists; Topica. III Physical: Twenty-six works (some suspect) including astronomy, generation and destruction, the senses, memory, sleep, dreams, life, facts about animals, etc. IV Metaphysics: on being as being. V Art: Rhetoric and Poetics. VI Other works including the Constitution of Athens; more works also of doubtful authorship. VII Fragments of various works such as dialogues on philosophy and literature; and of treatises on rhetoric, politics, and metaphysics. The Loeb Classical Library edition of Aristotle is in twenty-three volumes.