Inflammation is the biological response towards pathogens and damaged cells exhibited by the body tissues. The inflammation of the nervous tissues is known as neuroinflammation. It may occur in response to a number of causes such as infection, toxic metabolites or traumatic brain injury. Brain and spinal cord, that make the central nervous system, have immune cells known as microglia. These cells are activated during neuroinflammation. It usually refers to the chronic inflammation of the central nervous system, instead of acute inflammation. During chronic inflammation, there is a sustained activation of glial cells and recruitment of other immune cells into the brain. Some other causes of chronic neuroinflammation are ageing, air pollution, passive smoking, spinal cord injury and microbes. This book traces the progress in the field of neuroscience in relation to the management and mechanisms in neuroinflammation. Also included herein is a detailed explanation of the various aspects of this disease. This book aims to equip students and experts with the advanced topics in this disease.