In this book, new developments in network coding and data compression are examined. The first chapter proposes a new multipath transmission scheme that employs network coding at the source for rate-delay adaptation. The second chapter presents the theory, applications and challenges of a physical-layer network coding technique that promises significant improvement to the spectral efficiency and interference mitigation challenges in future heterogenous cellular and wireless networks. In this third chapter, network and distributed turbo coding based HARQ protocol are examined for wireless broadcasting systems. The last three chapters included in this book present three models that are based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology to appropriately evaluate the efficiency of multicast energy and further minimizes energy transmission in wireless networks without affecting the overall network performance; the development of methods of experimental statistical modeling of physical laws and the cascade scheme of data compression in multimode fibre systems.