Nephrology is a specialty of medicine and pediatrics that is concerned with the study of kidneys. It focuses on the study of normal kidney function and kidney diseases, the treatment of kidney disease and preservation of kidney health. Systemic conditions such as autoimmune disease and diabetes are also studied in nephrology. It also includes the study of systemic diseases that occur due to kidney disease including renal osteodystrophy and hypertension. The diagnosis of kidney disease is based on the present illness, general medical history, family history, medication use and drug use. Physical examination of the patient also helps in the diagnosis of kidney diseases. It also includes an assessment of blood pressure, lungs, heart, peripheral arteries, abdomen, joints and flank. The topics included in this book on nephrology are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects and clinical developments in nephrology. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.