Cytogenetics is a sub-field of genetics that focuses on how the chromosomes are related to cell behavior primarily during mitosis and meiosis. Karyotyping and analysis of G banded chromosomes are the techniques used in cytogenetic binding. Molecular cytogenetics is a domain that includes the combination of molecular biology and cytogenetics. Molecular cytogenetics aims to distinguish between normal and cancer-causing cells using various substances. For the diagnosis and treatment of various malignancies such as hematological malignancies, brain tumors, etc., molecular cytogenetics is one of the most useful tools. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridization are the two kinds of techniques used in molecular cytogenetics. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of molecular cytogenetics. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on molecular cytogenetics have been included herein. This book is a vital tool for all researching or studying this domain as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.