Model-Based Reasoning

Metaphor-Based Values in Scientific Models.- Analogy in Scientific Discovery: The Case of Johannes Kepler.- Model Experiments and Models in Experiments.- Models, Simulations, and Experiments.- Calibration of Models in Experiments.- The Development of Scientific Taxonomies.- Production, Science and Epistemology. An Overview on New Models and Scenarios.- Modeling Practices and “Tradition”.- Modeling Data: Analogies in Neural Networks, Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithms.- Perceptual Simulation in Analogical Problem Solving.- Building Demand Models to Improve Environmental Policy Process.- Toward a Computational Model of Hypothesis Formation and Model Building in Science.- Models as Parts of Distributed Cognitive Systems.- Conceptual Models, Inquiry and the Problem of Deriving Normative Claims from a Naturalistic Base.- Dynamic Imagery: A Computational Model of Motion and Visual Analogy.- Model-Based Reasoning and Similarity in the World.- Epistemic Artifacts: Michael Faraday’s Search for the Optical Effects of Gold.- Epistemic Mediators and Model-Based Discovery in Science.- Deterministic Models and the “Unimportance of the Inevitable”.- Mental Models in Conceptual Development.- Modeling Core Knowledge and Practices in a Computational Approach to Innovation Process.- Author Index.