The extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the earth is referred to as mining. These are extracted as ores from an orebody, vein, lode, reef, etc. which are then processed with mechanical and chemical means to recover metals, gemstones, limestone, coal, etc. The extraction of petroleum and natural gas is also encompassed within this field. The techniques used in mining fall under the broad classification of surface mining and underground or sub-surface mining. Heavy machinery is used in mining at various levels. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and methods in the field of mining. Different approaches, evaluations and methodologies have been included herein. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.