Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types such as bone cells, cartilage cells, muscle cells and fat cells. They are also called medicinal signaling cells. MSCs are characterized by plastic adherent properties under normal culture conditions and a fibroblast-like morphology. Differentiation capacity, immunomodulatory effects and antimicrobial poperties are a few functions of mesenchymal stem cells. Their clinical applications include muscle repair and treatment of auto-immune diseases. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to mesenchymal stem cells have been included in this book. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on this field have been included herein. This book is a vital tool for all researching or studying mesenchymal stem cells as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.