Mathematical biology also known as biomathematics is the sub-field of biology which uses analysis, abstractions and mathematical models to study the principles that influence structure, development and behavior of living organisms. It uses techniques and tools of mathematics to understand complex, non-linear mechanisms in biology. It aims to create models and representations of biological processes which can be used in practical as well as theoretical research. Tools and techniques of applied mathematics are commonly used for creating such models. Some of the areas of research in this field are algebraic biology, complex systems biology, computational neuroscience, abstract relational biology and evolutionary biology. This book explores all the important aspects of this field in the present day scenario. It also strives to provide a fair idea about mathematical biology and to help develop a better understanding of the latest developments within the field. In this book, using case studies and examples, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts of this discipline as easy and informative as possible, for the readers.