Nanomaterials are materials with individual units ranging in size from 1 to 1000 nanometers. Nanomaterials research necessitates collaboration between materials science and nanotechnology, improved materials metrology, and synthesis. This book is made up of chapters that cover the most important aspects of nanotechnology. The majority of the subjects covered in this book are related to nanomaterial properties, synthesis, procedures, and applications. This edited book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of this vital area. The different materials and their presentations in energy, ceramics, alloys, catalysis, membrane, pollution, and biomedical sciences are covered in this edited book. It addresses a range of aspects because these materials’ structure can be tailored at extremely small scales to achieve specific properties, thus greatly expanding the materials science toolkit. It explores several applications that could potentially be used to improve the environment and to more efficiently and cost-effectively produce energy, such as producing solar cells that generate electricity at a competitive rate, so the book offers a valuable asset for a broad readership, including professionals, students, and researchers from materials science/engineering, polymer science, composite technology, nanotechnology, and biotechnology whose work involves various types of nanomaterials. Increased coverage of important background science makes this a valuable self-contained text, and extensive expanded referencing engages readers with the newest research and industrial advancements in the subject. This edited book contains twelve chapters of valuable studies from recent years.