Marine Surface Films de Martin Gade

Marine Surface Films: Chemical Characteristics, Influence on Air-Sea Interactions and Remote Sensing

Martin Gade

Heinrich Hühnerfuss

Gerald M. Korenowski

Since the late 1960s, various groups have investigated the influence of marine surface films on mechanisms dominating energy and mass transfer across the ocean/atmosphere interface. However, a compendium summarizing the state-of-the-art research in this field is still missing. The book fills this gap and transfers the accumulated knowledge to the scientific community. After a brief historical chapter basic chemical insights are presented, followed by theoretical and experimental approaches carried out in laboratory facilities. Air-sea interaction experiments are then described and finally, remote sensing applications with sea slicks and crude oil spills are presented.

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Cuprins

General Section.- Oil on troubled waters — a historical survey.- Carlo Marangoni and the Laboratory of Physics at the High School “Liceo Classico Dante” in Firenze (Italy).- Tribute to Erik John Bock.- Chemical Characteristics of Sea Slicks and Oil Spills.- Basic physicochemical principles of monomolecular sea slicks and crude oil spills.- New chemical insights into the structure and morphology of sea slicks and their geophysical interpretations.- Sea slicks: variability in chemical composition and surface elasticity.- Correlation studies of mass spectral patterns and elasticity of sea-slick materials.- On surface renewal and sea slicks.- Chemical Characteristics.- Physicochemical effects of the marine microlayer on air-sea gas transport.- Static and dynamic surface tension of marine water: onshore or platform-based measurements by the oscillating bubble tensiometer.- Multiple scattering of surface waves by two-dimensional colloid systems.- Laboratory study of the damping of parametric ripples due to surfactant films.- Wave tank study of phase velocities and damping of gravity-capillary wind waves in the presence of surface films.- Laboratory measurements of artificial rain impinging on slick-free and slick-covered water surfaces.- Imaging surfactant concentration distribution at the air/water interface.- Imaging surfactant concentration distributions at the air/water interface.- Modelling and Air-Sea Interactions.- Variability of the wave number spectra of short surface waves in the ocean and their modulation due to internal waves and natural slicks.- On the imaging of biogenic and anthropogenic surface films on the sea by radar sensors.- Slick radar image modelling with an extended “VIERS-1” wave spectrum.- Thermal imagery of surface renewal phenomena.-Infrared imaging: a novel tool to investigate the influence of surface slicks on air-sea gas transfer.- Remote Sensing Applications.- Detection of oil spills by airborne sensors.- Satellite monitoring of accidental and deliberate marine oil pollution.- Long-term microwave radar monitoring of ocean slicks at low grazing angles.- Oil spills on ALMAZ-1 and ERS-1 SAR images: results from the DOSE-91 experiment.- Estimation of average surface currents from ERS SAR images of oil-tank cleaning spills.