Life and Habit

1. On certain acquired habits; 2. Conscious and unconscious knowers – the law and grace; 3. Application of foregoing chapters to certain habits acquired after birth which are commonly considered instinctive; 4. Application of the foregoing principles to actions and habits acquired before birth; 5. Personal identity; 6. Personal identity–continued; 7. Our subordinate personalities; 8. Application of the foregoing chapters–the assimilation of outside matter; 9. On the abeyance of memory; 10. What we should expect to find if differentiations of structure and instinct are mainly due to memory; 11. Instinct as inherited memory; 12. Instincts of neuter insects; 13. Lamarck and Mr Darwin; 14. Mr Mivart and Mr Darwin; 15. Concluding remarks.

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Butler argues here that much of inheritance was based on habit, but he also firmly opposes natural selection.