Leishmaniasis refers to a number of medical conditions which are caused by the Leishmania parasite. It is transferred to humans through sandflies belonging to the genus Phlebotomus. Leishmania is broadly classified into three types, cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral. Cutaneous leishmania causes skin ulcers while mucocutaneous leishmania causes ulcers in the mouth, nose and skin. Visceral leishmania begins with skin ulcers, which can then develop into fever and enlargement of the liver and spleen. It can be diagnosed in a hematology laboratory, through the direct visualization of the amastigotes. This disease can be prevented by spraying animal shelters and houses with insecticides. The topics covered in this book offer the readers new insights on the evaluation and management of leishmaniasis. Those with an interest in the study of these medical conditions would find it helpful. This book will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and post graduate students.