This book provides the state-of-the-art information on kidney transplantation. Kidney transplantation is a comparatively recent field in medicine, despite considerable achievements to date. Due to the armamentarium of agents present to efficiently suppress the immune system, the last decade has witnessed a shift in focus from prevention of rejection to an emphasis on prolonging the life of the allograft and latest techniques to escalate the organ donor pool. This book encompasses general concepts in this field while addressing methods to manage kidney transplant recipients simultaneously for the purpose of maximizing patient and graft survival. In addition, latest concepts to boost organ availability are presented, including single site laparoendoscopic donor nephrectomy for living donor kidney transplantation and kidney paired donation, utilization of marginal, hepatitis C positive, and older donor organs to boost deceased donor transplant opportunities.