The damage or disease related to the kidney is referred to as renal disease or kidney disease. The causes of kidney disease include deposition of the immunoglobulin A antibodies in the glomerulus, toxicity of chemotherapy agents, xanthine oxidase deficiency and long-term exposure to lead or its salts. Nephritis is an inflammatory kidney disease that has several types depending upon the location of the inflammation. It can be diagnosed by blood tests. Another common type of kidney disease is nephrosis. It is a non-inflammatory kidney disease. Nephritis can give rise to nephritic syndrome, while nephrosis can cause nephrotic syndrome. Kidney diseases cause loss of kidney functions and can ultimately cause kidney failure. The diagnosis and management of kidney disease is done by examining medical history, physical examination, a urine test and an ultrasound of the kidneys, known as renal ultrasonography. It can be treated through renal replacement therapy. The topics included in this book on kidney diseases are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches of the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases. This book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.