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Introduction to Cognitive Ethnography and Systematic Field Work de G. Mark Schoepfle

Introduction to Cognitive Ethnography and Systematic Field Work: Qualitative Research Methods, cartea 60

Autor G. Mark Schoepfle
en Limba Engleză Electronic book text – 17 aug 2021

Aplicabilitatea practică a volumului Introduction to Cognitive Ethnography and Systematic Field Work rezidă în transformarea interviului calitativ dintr-un instrument subiectiv într-o metodă de cercetare sistematică și riguroasă. Remarcăm modul în care G. Mark Schoepfle demonstrează că flexibilitatea în teren nu trebuie să sacrifice precizia științifică. În loc să impună grile de lectură predefinite, autorul propune o structurare a datelor în jurul cunoașterii semantice a interlocutorului, metodă ce permite emergența unor perspective autentice, nealterate de prejudecățile cercetătorului.

Din punct de vedere structural, volumul ghidează cititorul prin întreg fluxul de lucru al unui etnograf. Primele capitole stabilesc fundamentele teoretice și logistice, abordând planificarea proiectului și aspectele etice esențiale. Capitolele centrale (3 și 4) sunt dedicate micro-tehnicilor de interviu, introducând concepte precum schema MTQ și câmpurile lexical-semantice. Merită menționat că autorul tratează transcrierea și traducerea (Capitolul 6) ca procese analitice în sine, nu doar ca sarcini administrative. Această abordare acoperă aceeași arie metodologică precum Ethnography de David Fetterman, însă G. Mark Schoepfle oferă o perspectivă mult mai tehnică și axată pe lingvistică, spre deosebire de accentul pe vizualizarea datelor și tehnologie întâlnit la Fetterman.

Credem că forța acestui manual stă în capacitatea de a explica raționamentul abductiv și unitatea semantică a interviului pe parcursul a 184 de pagini dense, dar accesibile. Față de Doing Ethnography de Jessica Smartt Gullion, care se concentrează pe povești din teren și justiție socială, lucrarea de față este un ghid metodologic pur, ideal pentru studenții care au nevoie de o bază teoretică solidă pentru a-și susține designul de cercetare în fața comisiilor de etică sau a evaluatorilor academic.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781544351025
ISBN-10: 154435102X
Pagini: 184
Dimensiuni: 140 x 216 mm
Ediția:1
Editura: SAGE Publications
Colecția Sage Publications, Inc
Seria Qualitative Research Methods

Locul publicării:Thousand Oaks, United States

De ce să citești această carte

Această carte este esențială pentru cercetătorii care doresc să depășească nivelul descriptiv al etnografiei clasice. Cititorul câștigă acces la o metodologie riguroasă de colectare a datelor prin interviuri structurate semantic, învățând să elimine bias-ul personal din procesul de cercetare. Este recomandarea noastră pentru studenții la sociologie și antropologie care au nevoie de un instrumentar tehnic pentru a naviga între colectarea datelor în teren și analiza lor complexă.

Despre autor

G. Mark Schoepfle este o figură centrală în dezvoltarea etnografiei cognitive, fiind recunoscut ca unul dintre fondatorii acestei tehnici de cercetare calitativă. Expertiza sa s-a consolidat de-a lungul deceniilor de activitate academică și practică, perioadă în care a rafinat metodele de lucru colaborativ cu participanții la studii. Contribuția sa la seria Qualitative Research Methods de la Sage Publications, Inc reflectă angajamentul său pentru o metodologie sistematică, transformând experiența de teren într-un proces riguros, fundamentat pe structuri lingvistice și semantice universale.

Descriere scurtă

Introduction to Cognitive Ethnography and Systematic Field Work by G. Mark Schoepfle provides a guide to the fundamentals of cognitive ethnography for qualitative research. A focus of this technique is collecting data from flexible but rigorous interviews. These interviews are flexible because they are designed to be structured around the semantic knowledge being elicited from the speaker, not around some pre-conceived design that is based on the researcher’s background, and they are rigorous because the basic linguistic and semantic structures are shared among all cultures. Written by one of the founders of this technique, this text provides a wealth of concentrated knowledge developed over years to best suit this collaborative and participant-centric research process. Eight chapters show how intertwined data collection and analysis are in this method. The first chapter offers a brief history and overview of the cognitive ethnography. Chapter 2 covers planning a research project, from developing a research question to ethics and IRB requirements. The next two chapters cover interview background, techniques, and structures. Chapter 5 addresses analysis while Chapter 6 covers transcription and translation. Chapter 7 covers observation, while a final chapter address writing a report for both consultants and outside audiences.

Recenzii

This is an exceptional text that manages to cover topics and materials that many students approach with a degree of trepidation in manner that is student friendly, while at the same time providing them with a solid theoretical foundation to build on.

Cuprins

Preface
CHAPTER 1 • Orientation to Ethnography and Cognitive Ethnography
Ethnography
Material Culture and Cultural Durability
Kinds of Ethnography
Abductive Reasoning in Cognitive Ethnography
How Ethnography Differs From Journalism
Everyone Is Biased and Must Cope With the Fact
Preparation for an Ethnographer’s Career: Ethnographer as Expert Witness
CHAPTER 2 • Planning and Proposing a Research Project
The Proposal
The Parties Involved: Peer Review and Institutional Review Boards
CHAPTER 3 • The Semantic Unity of the Ethnographic Interview
The Lexical-Semantic Field Theory and the MTQ Schema
Specialized MTQ Interview Techniques
CHAPTER 4 • The Natural History of the Ethnographic Interview
The Natural History of the Interview
Grand-Tour and Mini-Tour Questions About People Through Personal Networks: The Crystalized Structure of a “Snowball Sample”
CHAPTER 5 • Ethnographic Analysis With Complex Logical-Semantic Relationships
Enhancing MTQ Analyses
Analysis of Complex Semantic Relationships
Ethnographic Decision Models: Entering Choice Into VAPs
Applying Decision Models in Cognitive Ethnography
CHAPTER 6 • Language Transcription and Translation
Interview Transcription
Interview Translation
CHAPTER 7 • Observation
Proposed Justifications for Sole Reliance on Observation
Kinds of Observation
The Application of Photography to Interview and Observation
Observation and Evidence
CHAPTER 8 • Writing the Ethnographic Report
Four Major Report-Writing Styles: Descriptive, Analytical, Synthetic, and Case Study
When Schema Are Not Available or Have Not Been Generated
Organizing the Report
A Final Word on Native Coresearchers
References

Descriere

Introduction to Cognitive Ethnography and Systematic Field Work by G. Mark Schoepfle guides readers on the fundamentals of cognitive ethnography. The focus of this qualitative technique is collecting data from interviews. This brief text covers using this method from starting a research project to writing a report.

Notă biografică

G. Mark Schoepfle has devoted his entire career to applied anthropology in federal and tribal government, with an adjunct status in various academic institutions that have often helped support this research.
He received a bachelor¿s degree in anthropology from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1968.  Following his military service, he received his Master¿s in 1972 and Doctorate in social anthropology 1977 from Northwestern University, under the anthropological linguist Oswald Werner, his dissertation chair. 
His employment in anthropology began with the Navajo Tribal Division of Education.  Here, under the supervision of Oswald Werner, he helped train and supervise Navajo researchers, and compile ethnographic reports of the Navajo Nation¿s different school systems.  What began originally as involvement with a one-year training and research project evolved into a 14-year research and teaching career on the Navajo Nation.  It involved both research and training Navajos as active research participants and analysts, co-publishers, and findings presenters.  Beginning in 1974, he was involved with Oswald Werner in developing a researcher¿s training manual that finally became the two-volume Systematic Fieldwork published in 1987.  From 1980 to 1984 he also served as Deputy Director of the Northwestern University Summer Field School in Ethnography.
In 1988 he shifted his career interests to auditing and evaluation at the Government Accountability Office, and later the Department of the Interior in Washington, DC.  At the Department of the Interior, he has served as cultural anthropologist for the National Park Service¿s program in applied ethnography, and at what is now the Office of Federal Acknowledgment.