Intermediate Polish (Routledge Grammar Workbooks) de Dana Bielec

Intermediate Polish: A Grammar and Workbook: Routledge Grammar Workbooks

Dana Bielec

Intermediate Polish is designed for learners who have achieved basic proficiency and wish to progress to more complex language. Each unit combines clear, concise grammar explanations with examples and exercises to help build confidence and fluency.

Features include:
* focus on areas of particular confusion such as verbs that are difficult to translate and nouns made from numbers
* comprehensive glossary of grammatical terms
* reference list of over 250 Polish verbs
* full key to all exercises.

Suitable for independent learners and students on taught courses, Intermediate Polish, together with its sister volume, Basic Polish, forms a structured course in the essentials of Polish.

Dana Bielec is the author of the popular Polish: An Essential Grammar, as well as Basic Polish: A Grammar and Workbook, both published by Routledge.

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Cuprins

Introduction. List of abbreviations. 1. Verb aspects 2. -a? and -i? verbs: present tense consonant changes 3. Comparisons: adjectives in -er and -est 4. Present tense of -n?? verbs 5. Short-stem non-wa? verbs: padding with 'j' (present) 6. Comparisons: adverbs with 'more' and 'most' 7. Past tense of most imperfective verbs; movable person suffixes 8. Past tense of imperfective verbs in -e? and -n?? 9. Past tense of double imperfective verbs 10. Short-stem verbs in -?? and -c (present, past) 11. Modal verbs musie?, chcie?, wole? (present, past); because, since 12. Past tense of perfective verbs (prefixed); when(ever), as soon as 13. Past tense of perfective verbs (stem-changed) 14. 'Can': móc, potrafi?, umie? (present, past) 15. Past tense of perfective verbs in -?? and -n?? 16. Unusual verb pairs; polite commands with Prosz? 17. Higher numbers and dates 18. Future with by? - imperfective verbs; time expressions 19. Future without by? - perfective verbs; gdy, jak 20. Informal commands 21. Commands with niech; -? & -kolwiek; vocative case 22. Verbs made from i?? (past, future) 23. Verbs from i?? & chodzi? (commands); concessions 24. Modal verbs powinienem & mie? (present, past) 25. How verbal prefixes change meaning; direction to/from 26. Six very precise verbs 27. Simple conditions & wishes; je?li/je?eli, mo?e 28. Conditions with 'I would if'; avoiding ambiguity 29. Modal verbs (future, conditional); ?eby; else 30. Impersonal verbs (present); cause and result 31. Impersonal verbs (past, future, conditional) 32. Si? to translate 'one' and 'you' 33. Impersonal wida?, s?ycha?, czu?, zna? 34. Present adverbial participle in -?c (while -ing) 35. Past adverbial participle in - wszy & ?szy (having ...) 36. Indefinite numbers; -ka nouns from numbers 37. Relative pronoun który; adjectives used as nouns 38. Present adjectival participle (active) - imperfective verbs 39. Present adjectival participles (passive) - imperfective verbs 4