Intelligence, the ability to act, decide, perceive, remember, reason, exploit, explore, learn, and adapt, is widely shared by all living organisms. It is such a decisive selective advantage for survival that it is shared by everyone from the simplest single-celled organism to readers of this book.It seems more accurate to speak of intelligences, given the diversity of their characteristics and capabilities. These intelligences have completely different knowledge and information, but do they share the same fundamental mechanism of reasoning? Is there a single Reason, a single art of making the best possible use of available information? If so, what is it?This book offers a scientific journey through the multiverses of natural and artificial intelligences in search of answers. How can intelligences perceive, act, and learn? How do they use the past or anticipate the future? How do they find their way in the space around them? How do they use the laws of physics to their advantage? How do some manage to flee, hunt, migrate, speak, read, and write?