The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic was the first human pandemic in over four decades, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that there were as many as 89 million U.S. cases. Over $6 billion was available for the response, led by the Departments of Health and Human Services (HHS) and Homeland Security (DHS), with co-ordination provided by the Homeland Security Council (HSC) through its National Security Staff (NSS). In particular, HHS's CDC worked with states and localities to communicate with the public and to distribute H1N1 vaccines and supplies. This book examines federal funding from fiscal year 2005 through March 2011 for alternative technologies and the status of manufacturers' efforts; challenges to development and licensure identified by stakeholders and how HHS is addressing those challenges.