The human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus that causes HIV infection and over time transforms itself into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The virus infects important cells in the immune system of the human body like macrophages and dendtric cells. This book outlines the important aspects of HIV/AIDS in a comprehensible and lucid manner. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe primarily concern with the diagnosis and treatment of the AIDS. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the advancements in this field of study.