The Air Force is responsible for thousands of sites throughout the United States and abroad that are contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons such as jet fuel, diesel fuel, gasoline, and heating oil. Despite significant improvements in fuels management over the past 20 years, equipment failures and human error will continue to create new spills which may require remediation. The purpose of this handbook is to provide Air Force environmental managers and their supporting technical specialists with a comprehensive strategy for cost-effectively cleaning up soils and groundwater contaminated by petroleum releases.