Graphene is a two-dimensional hexagonal structure of carbon atoms. Its three out of four outer shell electrons occupy sp2 hybrid orbitals. They form sigma bonds with the three nearest carbon atoms. The conduction and valence bands of graphene meet at Dirac points, making it a zero gap semiconductor. Graphene is highly sensitive to the presence of ferromagnetics, superconductors and high-k-dielectrics in its proximity. It also exhibits the Casimir effect and quantum Hall effect. Some of the techniques of graphene production are nanotube slicing, fullerene splitting, ion implantation and graphite oxide reduction. It finds extensive application in the production of smartphones, solar cells and light emitting diodes. This book provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of the concepts and applications of graphene physics and related fields. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. This book will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and post graduate students.