Proximate DNA sequences on a chromosome are inherited together during sexual reproduction. This tendency of DNA sequences is called genetic linkage. On a chromosome, the closer two genes are, the higher are their chances of being inherited together and lower are the chances of recombination between them. Gene mapping refers to the set of methods that allow the identification of the locus of a gene as well as the distances between genes. It offers evidences regarding the genes that are responsible for the inheritance of disease from parent to child, and also provides clues regarding the location of the genes and the chromosome where they are located. DNA sequencing is the process that determines the nucleic acid sequence or the order of nucleotides in the DNA. It encompasses all methods that can determine the order of the four bases- thymine, guanine, adenine and cytosine. The development of genetic maps and the successful sequencing of the human genome have advanced the frontiers of genetics and medical science. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of genetic mapping and DNA sequencing and the recent researches in these domains. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to these fields. This book will prove immensely beneficial to geneticists, genetic engineers, students and researchers associated with these areas of study.