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Gas Insulated Substations

Editat de Hermann J Koch
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 31 ian 2022

În proiectarea infrastructurii energetice moderne, metodologia de lucru s-a deplasat critic către soluții compacte și digitalizate, unde fiabilitatea arhitecturală întâlnește rigoarea testării și a mentenanței predictive. Gas Insulated Substations reprezintă un ghid tehnic exhaustiv, structurat pentru a răspunde cerințelor complexe ale ingineriei electrice contemporane. Remarcăm în această a doua ediție o expansiune semnificativă a ariei de acoperire, trecând de la fizica de bază a sistemelor izolate cu gaz la implementarea conceptelor de „digital twin” și utilizarea transformatoarelor de instrument de mică putere (LPIT). Cartea este organizată progresiv, pornind de la definiții și standarde internaționale, până la soluții de nișă pentru medii urbane dense, cum ar fi substațiile integrate în centre comerciale sau noduri de transport subteran. Putem afirma că lucrarea excelează prin echilibrul dintre rigoarea teoretică și studiile de caz concrete. Dacă Substations de Terry Krieg v-a oferit cadrul general și ciclul de viață al activelor pentru diverse topologii de stații, volumul editat de Hermann J Koch oferă instrumentele practice specifice tehnologiei GIS, insistând pe detalii de instalare, coordonarea izolației pentru fenomene tranzitorii foarte rapide și managementul riscului. Merită menționat că autorul integrează și soluții de ultimă oră pentru tehnologia de comutație în vid până la 500 kV, oferind inginerilor de proiectare un avantaj tehnologic în tranziția către soluții fără SF6. Această resursă devine astfel indispensabilă pentru navigarea complexității sistemelor offshore și a rețelelor inteligente, unde digitalizarea stațiilor nu mai este opțională, ci o necesitate operațională.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781119623588
ISBN-10: 1119623588
Pagini: 816
Dimensiuni: 177 x 230 x 50 mm
Greutate: 1.66 kg
Ediția:2nd edition
Editura: Wiley
Locul publicării:Chichester, United Kingdom

De ce să citești această carte

Această resursă este esențială pentru inginerii electrici, mecanici și civili care proiectează sau gestionează infrastructură energetică de înaltă tensiune. Cititorul câștigă acces la metodologii avansate de instalare și mentenanță, studii de caz pentru medii critice (offshore sau urban subteran) și o înțelegere profundă a noilor tehnologii digitale și a alternativelor ecologice pentru gazul SF6, asigurând conformitatea cu standardele actuale de siguranță și eficiență.


Despre autor

Hermann J Koch este o autoritate mondială în domeniul ingineriei energetice, cu o carieră dedicată dezvoltării și implementării tehnologiilor de înaltă tensiune. În calitate de editor și autor principal, el aduce în acest volum decenii de experiență acumulată în cadrul unor lideri tehnologici globali și în organisme internaționale de standardizare. Expertiza sa acoperă întregul spectru al sistemelor izolate cu gaz, fiind autorul unor lucrări de referință precum Gas Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL). Contribuțiile sale în cadrul IEEE PES Substations Committee reflectă angajamentul său pentru inovație și siguranță în rețelele electrice moderne.


Descriere

An essential reference guide to gas-insulated substations

The second edition of Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) is an all-inclusive reference guide to gas insulated substations (GIS) and its advanced technologies. Updated to the latest technical developments and applications, the guide covers basic physics of gas insulated systems, SF6 insulating gas and its alternatives, safety aspects and factors to choose GIS. GIS technology, its modular structure, control and monitoring systems, testing, installation rules and guidelines for operation, specification, and maintenance. Detailed information on various types for GIS, with 14 reference project explanations and three extensive case studies give information for the best solutions of practical applications. Special solutions using mobile substations concepts, mixed technology switchgear (MTS) with air and gas insulated technology, underground substations, and the use of special GIS substation buildings e.g., shopping centers, parking lots, city parks, business complexes’ or subway stations are explained. Future developments of GIS technology are shown for the next steps in alternatives to SF6, low power instrument transformers, and digitalization of substations.

A new chapter explains advanced technologies applied to GIS projects which cover the following; environmental issues for the substation permission process, insulation coordination studies for the network requirements including very fast transients, project scope development, risk-based asset management, health and safety impact, electromagnetic fields, SF6 decomposition byproducts and condition assessment.

Disruptive development steps in gas insulated substations technologies are also covered in this second edition. Vacuum breaking and switching technology for rated voltages of up to 500 kV is explained in detail with its physical background. Principle function and possible implementation of low power instrument transformers (LPIT) are explained and examples of applications are given. The principles of digital twin for gas insulated substations (GIS) and gas insulated transmission lines (GIL) are explained in theory and project applications show the practical use and advantage. The wide and fast-growing technical field of offshore GIS applications for AC and DC is explained on many examples and gives information on special requirements when getting offshore. Theoretical requirements on DC gas insulated systems, methods of testing, prototype installation tests, modular design features, and advantages in applications are given. Finally, impact and advantages of digital substations using GIS are explained.

Key features:

  • Written by leading GIS experts involved in development and project applications
  • Discusses practical and theoretical aspects
  • Detailed material of GIS for new and experienced GIS users, and project planners
  • Invaluable guide to practicing electrical, mechanical and civil engineers as well as third- and fourth-year electric power engineering students

Cuprins

Editor Biography xxvii Contributors xxix Foreword of Editor xxxi Foreword PES Substations Committee xxxiii Foreword GE Grid Solutions xxxv Foreword Hitachi Energy xxxvii Foreword Siemens Energy xxxix Acknowledgements xli 1 Introduction 1 Authors: Hermann Koch, John Brunke Reviewers: Phil Bolin, Devki Sharma, Jim Massura, George Becker, Scott Scharf, and Michael Novev 1.1 General 1 1.2 Definitions 7 1.3 Standards and References 11 1.4 Ratings 16 2 Basic Information 21 Authors: 1st edition Hermann Koch, John H. Brunke, and John Boggess, 2nd edition Dave Giegel, Hermann Koch, George Becker, Peter Grossmann, and Pathik Patel Reviewers: 1st edition Phil Bolin, Hermann Koch, Devki Sharma, Markus Etter, Scott Scharf, George Becker, Noboru Fujimoto, Ed Crocket, Shawn Lav, Jim Massura, Tony Lim, Ricardo Arredondo, Chuck Hand, and Dave Giegel 2nd edition Arnaud Ficheux, George Becker, Pathik Patel, John Brunke, Michael Novev, Scott Scharf, and Nick Matone 2.1 History 21 2.2 Physics of Gas-Insulated Switchgear 36 2.3 Reliability and Availability 41 2.4 Design 51 2.5 Safety 53 2.6 Grounding and Bonding 61 2.7 Factors for Choosing Gas-Insulated Substations 66 2.8 Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) 70 2.9 Alternative Gasses to SF6 105 2.10 When to Use Gas-Insulated Substations 120 2.11 Comparison High Voltage and Medium Voltage AIS, MTS and GIS 125 3 Technology 153 Authors: 1st edition: Hermann Koch, George Becker, Xi Zhu, Devki Sharma, Arnaud Ficheux, and Dave Lin; 2nd edition: Dave Solhtalab, George Becker, Xi Zhu, and Vipul Bhagat Reviewers: 1st edition: Phil Bolin, Hermann Koch, Devki Sharma, Markus Etter, Scott Scharf, Patrick Fitzgerald, George Becker, Toni Lin, Chuck Hand, Xi Zhu, Noboru Fujimoto, Dave Giegel, Eduard Crockett, Pravakar Samanta, John Brunke, 2nd edition: Scott Scharf, Michael Novev, and Nick Matone 3.1 General 153 3.2 Modular Components, Design, and Development Process 156 3.3 Manufacturing 169 3.4 Specification Development 179 3.5 Instrument Transformers 205 3.6 Interfaces 207 3.7 Gas-Insulated Surge Arresters 220 3.8 Gas-Insulated Bus 222 3.9 Guidelines for GIS 236 4 Control and Monitoring 243 Authors: 1st edition Hermann Koch, Noboru Fujimoto, and Pravakar Samanta Reviewers: 1st edition Noboru Fujimoto, Hermann Koch, Pravakar Samanta, Devki Sharma, Xi Zhu, John Brunke, Arnaud Ficheux, and Michael Novev, 2nd edition Michael Novev, and Arnaud Ficheux 4.1 General 243 4.2 GIS Monitoring 243 4.3 Local Control Cabinet 251 4.4 Digital Communication 257 5 Testing 271 Authors: 1st edition Peter Grossmann, Charles L Hand, 2nd edition Dave Giegel, Coboyo Bodjona, Reviewers: 1st edition Phil Bolin, Xi Zhu, Noboru Fujimoto, Dave Solhtalab, Jim Massura, Eduard Crockett, Hermann Koch, and 2nd edition Hermann Koch 5.1 General 271 5.2 Type Tests 271 5.3 Routine Tests 276 5.4 Onsite Field Testing 279 5.5 Guidelines for Onsite Tests 282 5.6 Best Practice for On-Site Field Testing 283 6 Installation 293 Authors: 1st edition Hermann Koch, Richard Jones, James Massura Reviewers: Phil Bolin, John Brunke, Michael Novev, Pravakar Samanta, Devki Sharma, 2nd edition John Brunke, Michael Novev, and Pravakar Samanta 6.1 General 293 6.2 Installation 293 6.3 Energization: Connecting to the Power Grid 323 7 Operation and Maintenance 325 Authors: 1st edition Hermann Koch, Charles L Hand, Arnaud Ficheux, Richard Jones, Ravi Dhara, 2nd edition Richard Jones, Reviewers: 1st edition Phil Bolin, Noboru Fujimoto, Dave Solhtalab, Richard Jones, Devki Sharma, George Becker, Dick Jones, Hermann Koch, 2nd edition Ryan Stone, Patrick Fitzgerald, Gerd Ottehenning, Coboyo Bodyona and Hermann Koch 7.1 General 325 7.2 Operation of a Gas-Insulated Substation 326 7.3 Maintenance 344 7.4 SF6 Gas Leakage Repair 345 7.5 Repair 348 7.6 Extensions 349 7.8 Overloading and Thermal Limits 356 7.9 Maintenance and Operations Pointers 361 7.10 Lessons Learned 366 8 Applications 371 Authors: 1st edition Hermann Koch, William Labos, Peter Grossmann, Arun Arora, and Dave Solhtalab, 2nd edition Hermann Koch, and Dave Mitchell Reviewer: 1st edition Phil Bolin, Hermann Koch, Devki Sharma, Ewald Warzecha, George Becker, John Brunke, Peter Grossmann, Arnaud Ficheux, Pravakar Samanta, Scott Scharf, Ravi Dhara, and Chuck Hands, 2nd edition Denis Steyn, Petr Rudenko, Stefan Schedl, Scott Scharf, Mark Kuschel, and Bala Kotharu 8.1 General 371 8.2 Typical GIS Layouts 371 8.3 Reference Projects 374 8.4 GIS Case Studies 418 8.5 Mobile Substations 453 8.6 Mixed Technology Switchgear (MTS) 464 8.7 Future Developments 468 8.8 Underground Substations 477 8.9 Special Substation Buildings 502 9 Advanced Technologies 525 Authors: 1st edition Hermann Koch, Venkatesh Minisandram, Arnaud Ficheux, George Becker, Noboru Fujimoto, and Jorge Márquez-Sánchez 2nd Edition Hermann Koch, Maria Kosse, George Becker, George Becker, Mark Kuschel, Aron Heck, Dirk Helbig, Uwe Riechert Reviewers: 1st Edition George Becker, Devki Sharma, Noboru Fujimoto, Venkatesh Minisandram, Phil Bolin, Pravakar Samanta, Hermann Koch, Linda Zhao, Xi Zhu, John Brunke, Dick Jones, Linda Zhao, David Lin, Devki Sharma, and Patrick Fitzgerald, 2nd Edition Michael Novev, Pablo Gonzales Toza, George Becker, Hermann Koch, Dick Jones, Bala Kotharu, Johne Brunke, James Massura, Dirk Helbig, Mark Kuschel, Arnaud Ficheux, Robert Lüscher, and Aron Heck 9.1 General 525 9.2 Environment 526 9.3 Life Cycle Cost Analysis 537 9.4 Insulation Coordination Study 545 9.5 Very Fast Transients 548 9.6 Project Scope Development 559 9.7 Risk-Based Asset Management of Gas-Insulated Substations and Equipment 563 9.8 Health and Safety Impact 572 9.9 Electromagnetic Field 573 9.10 SF6 Decomposition Byproducts 574 9.11 Condition Assessment 577 9.12 Gas-Insulated Substations for Enhanced Resiliency 618 9.13 Vacuum High Voltage Switching 635 9.14 Low Power Instrument Transformer 654 9.15 Digital Twin of GIS and GIL 664 9.16 Offshore GIS 689 9.17 HVDC GIS 726 9.18 Digital Substation 748 10 Conclusion 765 Author: Hermann Koch Reviewer: Dave Solhtalab Index 767