The various features, challenges as well as applications of particle image velocimetry are highlighted in this profound book. Particle image velocimetry is a significant technique in fluid dynamics as it allows a direct and immediate visualization of the flow field in a non-intrusive manner. This technique is utilized in various research areas such as aerodynamics, medicine, biology, turbulence researches and combustion procedures. The objective of the book is to provide an introduction to the PIV technique and its vast range of possible applications so as to provide a reference for researchers who want to utilize this technique in their respective research areas. This book also discusses various facets and possible difficulties in the evaluation of large and micro-scale turbulent circumstances, combustion procedures and turbo-machinery flow fields, internal waves and river or ocean flows.