The endocrine system is described as the group of glands of an organism which secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system for their transportation to a distant target organ. This book comprises of a number of important topics on endocrine and hormone-related pathologies, reviewed by reputed scientists and clinicians from various countries around the world. It focuses on the current trends in the area, such as neuroendocrine and pituitary tumours, thyroid dysfunctions, diabetes and a host of endocrine-related diseases, like those linked to the anabolic effects of testosterone, obesity, cancer, liver complexities of diabetes and pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The readers will be able to gain an insight into the fundamental as well as critical and advanced aspects of these selected pathologies of the endocrine system.