The primary source of federal aid to K-12 education is the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), particularly Title I, Part A of Education for the Disadvantaged. The NCLB initiated a major expansion of federal influence upon several aspects of public K-12 education, primarily with the aim of increasing the accountability of public school systems and individual public schools for improving achievement outcomes of all pupils, especially the disadvantaged. This book provides an overview of major provisions of the ESEA, its background and issues.