The present book has been contributed by prominent experts in the field of electrochemical science and technology. It identifies gaps in current knowledge and barriers to applications, and recommends research areas that need to be addressed to enable the rapid development of technologies. Some of the key areas covered in this book are electrochemical synthesis of non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite-nanodiamond composite coating; electrodeposited biomimetic hydroxyapatite functionalized by lactoferrin for its potential use as bone-implantable biomaterials; development of new types of layered manganese oxides intercalated with cationic polymers applicable for the manufacturing of pseudocapacitor electrodes, electrochromic materials, catalysts, and biosensors and preparation of CuInSe2 thin films and its potential application in photovoltaic devices.