Earth Materials

Kevin Hefferan is Associate Professor in the Marine Science, Safety and Environmental Protection Department at Massachusetts Maritime Academy of Buzzards Bay, MA, USA. John O'Brien (retired) worked for 41 years in the Department of Geoscience-Geography (now Earth and Environmental Sciences) at New Jersey City State University.

Preface iv Acknowledgments vi About the Companion Website viii 1 Earth materials and the geosphere 1 2 Atoms, elements, bonds, and coordination polyhedra 22 3 Atomic substitution, phase diagrams, and isotopes 50 4 Crystallography 83 5 Mineral properties and rock-forming minerals 120 6 Optical identification of minerals 160 7 Igneous rock texture, composition, and classification 199 8 Magma and intrusive structures 235 9 Volcanic features and landforms 262 10 Igneous rock associations 300 11 Weathering, sediment production, and soils 342 12 The sedimentary cycle: erosion, transportation, deposition, sedimentary structures, and environments 381 13 Detrital sediments and sedimentary rocks 418 14 Biochemical sedimentary rocks 454 15 Metamorphism 503 16 Metamorphism: stress, deformation, and structures 524 17 Texture and classification of metamorphic rocks 554 18 Metamorphic zones, facies, and facies series 578 19 Mineral resources and hazards 619 Index 663