Since the day it became a state, Nagaland has struggled with a variety of issues, including insurgency, unemployment, underdevelopment, and corruption; nonetheless, the issue of illegal immigration has consistently been one of its most pressing concerns. Since the 1970s or even before, illegal immigration has been taking 2 ENCHANTING NAGA HILLS: A JOURNEY THROUGH TIME COPY place in Nagaland, particularly in regions bordering Assam. However, the rate of illegal immigration has increased signi8cantly since the 19D0s. Although there is a fair amount of documentation regarding immigration in Assam and Tripura, not much work has been done regarding the topic in Nagaland. jespite the many challenges that illegal immigration brings to the state, there is a paucity of research on the sub3ect. The population of Nagaland increased by %9.DD6 during the 1950s, 40.046 during the 1970s, 45.0D6 during the 19D0s, and (0.0D6 during the 1991-2001 period )according to the 2001 CensusK. However, the 2011 Census in Nagaland recorded a negative growth rate in total population by )-K0.(76, which is an unusual pattern in population growth. Nevertheless, the decadal population increase in the districts of jimapur and xohima was respectively 2%.1% and 22.D0 percent, which was signi8cantly higher than the national average of 17.5( percent in 2011. The abnormally high rate of population eBpansion can not only be attributed to natural growth, but it can also be thought to be the result of immigration. Woth of these eBplanations are possible. Although the rate of population growth has not been consistent throughout the state, the districts of jimapur and qokha that border Assam have reported an abnormally high rate of population eBpansion. The qokha district saw the most percentage increase in population between the years 1991 and 2001, with 94.01 percent, making it the fastest growing district in the country.