In recent years, we have witnessed a revival of the use of recursive queries in a variety of emerging application domains such as data integration and exchange, information extraction, networking, and program analysis. A popular language used for expressing these queries is Datalog. Datalog and Recursive Query Processing surveys for a general audience the Datalog language, recursive query processing, and optimization techniques. It differs from prior surveys written in the eighties and nineties in its comprehensiveness of topics, its coverage of recent developments and applications, and its emphasis on features and techniques beyond "classical" Datalog which are vital for practical applications. Specifically, the topics covered include the core Datalog language and various extensions, semantics, query optimizations, magic-sets optimizations, incremental view maintenance, aggregates, negation, and types. It concludes with a survey of recent systems and applications that use Datalog and recursive queries. Datalog and Recursive Query Processing provides an accessible and gentle introduction to Datalog and recursive query processing to readers with some basic background in databases (in particular, SQL and the relational model).