This volume embarks on an exploration of the processual and dynamic character of grammatical constructions in emergence, both from an ‘emergent’ and an ‘emerging’ perspective. ‘Emerging’ constructions develop out of their surrounding discourse contexts. ‘Emergent’ constructions are due to the on-line production of grammar in time. On the basis of empirical studies on spoken English, German, Hebrew, Swedish and French, this volume shows how in both senses, grammar is a highly adaptive resource for interaction.