This book will be important for scientists involved in environmental research particularly in filling data gaps for risk assessment. It also will highlight key methods used in studying biological targets both from a toxicity standpoint and pharmacological activity. It provides a systems pharmacology/toxicology approach to computational toxicology, linking chemical exposures to genes, diseases, and complex biological/disease pathways. It also provides the discussion of new approaches to study chemical such as biological target elucidation and move this into computational models. Overall the book expands the computational focus of chemicals and biological interactions into the field of herbal and traditional medicines. It is noteworthy that the book reaches beyond pharmaceutical toxicology. The book will be a useful academic course book for both graduate and undergraduates studying pharmacology. It applies to areas such as Computational Toxicology; Systems biology; chemical-protein interactions; Interactions between Traditional Chinese Medicines/herbal medicines and Western therapeutics. Cross-promote this book with Big Data in Predictive Toxicology.