Computational biology is a field that deals with the development and application of data-analytical and theoretical methods for studying various behavioral, ecological, biological and social systems. It also uses mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques. It is closely related to the field of bioinformatics where computers are used for storing and processing biological data. Computational biology is an interdisciplinary field that applies concepts from biology, mathematics, biochemistry, chemistry, biophysics, molecular biology and computer science. There are various sub-fields of computational biology such as computational anatomy, computational biomodeling, computational genetics, computational neuroscience, pharmacology, evolutionary biology and computational neuropsychiatry. This textbook provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of computational biology and related fields. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in this field. This book is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.