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Cancel Wars: How Universities Can Foster Free Speech, Promote Inclusion, and Renew Democracy de Sigal R. Ben-Porath

Cancel Wars: How Universities Can Foster Free Speech, Promote Inclusion, and Renew Democracy

Autor Sigal R. Ben-Porath
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 16 ian 2023

Notăm cu interes apariția volumului Cancel Wars, o analiză echilibrată a politizării mediului universitar, publicată de University of Chicago Press. Lucrarea se încadrează în nucleul filosofiei educației contemporane, abordând modul în care instituțiile de învățământ superior pot naviga între protejarea incluziunii și garantarea libertății de exprimare. Într-un context în care campusurile americane au devenit puncte de conflict în „războaiele culturale”, Sigal R. Ben-Porath refuză simplificările care infantilizează studenții, alegând în schimb să exploreze responsabilitatea instituțională în fața discursului extremist.

Structura volumului urmărește o progresie logică, de la analiza democrației polarizate și a distincției dintre faptele partizane și adevărul științific, până la rolul specific al școlilor K-12 în cultivarea civismului. Autorul argumentează că universitățile au datoria de a stabili granițe ale discursului acceptabil, recunoscând în același timp daunele reale produse de discursul instigator la ură. Comparabil cu The Value and Limits of Academic Speech de Donald Alexander Downs în ceea ce privește rigoarea analizei cenzurii progresive, volumul de față este actualizat pentru contextul „degradării adevărului”, oferind o perspectivă mai nuanțată asupra modului în care incluziunea și libertatea pot coexista.

În contextul operei sale, Cancel Wars continuă preocupările din Citizenship under Fire privind educația civică în perioade de conflict, dar se distinge prin focalizarea pe mecanismele interne ale universității ca motor de reînnoire democratică. Spre deosebire de Tough Choices, unde Ben-Porath analiza intervenția statului în alegerile personale, aici accentul cade pe construcția colectivă a cunoașterii ca scut împotriva polarizării.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780226823782
ISBN-10: 0226823784
Pagini: 208
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 20 mm
Greutate: 0.48 kg
Ediția:First Edition
Editura: University of Chicago Press
Colecția University of Chicago Press

De ce să citești această carte

Recomandăm această carte cadrelor didactice, administratorilor universitari și studenților la științe politice care caută o cale rațională prin labirintul „culturii anulării”. Cititorul va câștiga o înțelegere profundă a modului în care spațiile sigure și libertatea de exprimare nu sunt neapărat opuse, ci pot fi armonizate pentru a reconstrui încrederea civică și a proteja adevărul științific în fața dezinformării partizane.

Despre autor

Sigal R. Ben-Porath este profesor la Graduate School of Education și asistent special al președintelui universității University of Pennsylvania. Expertiza sa în teoria politică și educație este reflectată în lucrări de referință precum Citizenship under Fire: Democratic Education in Times of Conflict, publicată de Princeton University Press, și Tough Choices. Prin rolurile sale administrative și academice, Ben-Porath se află în prima linie a dezbaterilor despre libertatea academică, contribuind constant la definirea rolului democratic al instituțiilor de învățământ în societatea contemporană.

Descriere scurtă

An even-handed exploration of the polarized state of campus politics that suggests ways for schools and universities to encourage discourse across difference. 

College campuses have become flashpoints of the current culture war and, consequently, much ink has been spilled over the relationship between universities and the cultivation or coddling of young American minds. Philosopher Sigal R. Ben-Porath takes head-on arguments that infantilize students who speak out against violent and racist discourse on campus or rehash interpretations of the First Amendment. Ben-Porath sets out to demonstrate the role of the university in American society and, specifically, how it can model free speech in ways that promote democratic ideals.

In Cancel Wars, she argues that the escalating struggles over “cancel culture,” “safe spaces,” and free speech on campus are a manifestation of broader democratic erosion in the United States. At the same time, she takes a nuanced approach to the legitimate claims of harm put forward by those who are targeted by hate speech. Ben-Porath’s focus on the boundaries of acceptable speech (and on the disproportional impact that hate speech has on marginalized groups) sheds light on the responsibility of institutions to respond to extreme speech in ways that proactively establish conversations across difference. Establishing these conversations has profound implications for political discourse beyond the boundaries of collegiate institutions. If we can draw on the truth, expertise, and reliable sources of information that are within the work of academic institutions, we might harness the shared construction of knowledge that takes place at schools, colleges, and universities against truth decay. Of interest to teachers and school leaders, this book shows that by expanding and disseminating knowledge, universities can help rekindle the civic trust that is necessary for revitalizing democracy.
 

Notă biografică

Sigal R. Ben-Porath is professor of education, philosophy, and political science at the University of Pennsylvania and coauthor of Making Up Our Mind: What School Choice Is Really About published by the University of Chicago Press.  
 

Extras

Can colleges and universities help heal a backsliding democracy? Some see these institutions as culprits in the demise of democracy and point to students’ sensitivities or professors’ ideologies as reasons to lose faith in their contributions. I suggest instead that higher education in all its variety, from the Ivy League to community colleges, is well situated and ready to take on the challenges democracy currently faces. This book considers the struggles over the boundaries of speech in order to make the case for the active role that institutions of higher education can take in bridging political divides and helping reverse the process of democratic decline. Colleges are laboratories in which democracy is learned, practiced, and enhanced. As students, instructors, and leaders in higher education pursue and disseminate knowledge - and work to create inclusive and engaged learning communities— they seed democratic habits and practices. It is necessary to focus on the boundaries of speech on campus because of both the nature of work in higher education, where so much of the work involves speech, and the current state of democracy. 
We can understand and begin to address some of the most pressing challenges to democracy by paying careful attention to struggles over truth and to disagreements over belonging and inclusion. These controversies have taken center stage at many college campuses in recent years, especially in debates over the regulation and protection of speech on campus. I argue that the challenges of campus speech are the result of contestations over broader societal fractures concerning truth and inclusion and that campuses need to, in most cases, address these challenges through efforts to engage across differences rather than as breaches to be corrected through regulation or punishment. 
The boundaries of acceptable expression on a campus should be set by the mission of the institution, by the call to search for truth through shared work, and through the inclusion of diverse perspectives and voices in the process of inquiry.1 If a form of expression excludes some people on campus, it is the institution’s responsibility to correct the outcomes of that speech. In the vast majority of cases, this does not mean censorship, firing, or “canceling” but rather other types of action taken by the institution to ensure that equity and continued dialogue are both preserved. In this way, speech remains robust while inclusion is reaffirmed and sustained. This is a modified version of the “more speech” response encouraged by Justice Louis Brandeis: it seeks to not simply encourage more speech but also to place the burden of expressing, supporting, and sometimes sponsoring more and better speech on the institution as part of its educational and democratic role. 
College campuses have become flashpoints in the current culture war. In this book, I argue that the escalating struggles over “cancel culture,” “safe spaces,” and free speech on campus are a manifestation of broader democratic erosion in the United States. I take a closer look at how these tensions play out to illuminate a path toward revitalizing American democracy. In what follows, I consider the gray areas of permissible speech, taking a close look at their sources and offering solutions to the tensions they create. I situate open expression on campus within the broader polarization occurring in the political sphere to show that the fight over the future of democracy takes place in two battlegrounds: one revolving around truth, how to identify it, and how it is distorted; and the other around inclusion, exclusion, and “cancellation” from the public sphere. Taken together, tensions around truth and inclusion reshape the civic culture of contemporary democracies. Colleges and universities, along with K– 12 schools, are among the main arenas where these battles are fought, and they hold a key to surmounting the current democratic impasse. 

Cuprins

Introduction
1 A Polarized Democracy
2 Scientific Truth, Partisan Facts, and Knowledge We Can Share
3 Do I Belong Here? Inclusion and Harm
4 Freedom of Speech and Habits of Democracy in K–12 Schools
5 Campus Speech and Democratic Renewal
A Final Word
Acknowledgments
Notes
Index
 

Recenzii

“Timely and important, Cancel Wars is a first-rate book with practical recommendations for educators and relevance for our current era of democratic backsliding and political polarization. Sigal R. Ben-Porath rejects the dominant framing of the controversies over free speech, which divides the two sides in the culture wars over education, and provides a menu of creative alternatives that schools, colleges, and universities can use to fulfill their joint mission of supporting free speech while mitigating the harms of harmful speech.” 

“In Cancel Wars, Sigal R. Ben-Porath offers an insightful, original, and powerful analysis of how colleges, universities, and lower schools must play an ever-more central role in fostering a free and open educational process in order to redress the increasing polarization that has seriously damaged our democracy. This is a must-read for anyone concerned with these profoundly important issues.”

"A guide to the issues surrounding free speech and censorship on college campuses as well as strategies for faculty and students to deal with them constructively. . . . The book ends with solid advice for students, staff, and university boards to help deal with a host of issues, including contentious public speakers and hate speech. . . .Useful reading for college administrators and others involved in navigating thorny challenges facing colleges today."

"The premise of this book is that colleges and universities can serve as laboratories for democracy; campuses are common crossroads for many different people. . . .  She argues that it’s possible if all campus members understand that the First Amendment makes no general exception for offensive, repugnant, or hateful expression. In the United States, hate speech is not a legal term. These ideas are illustrated with real-life examples throughout, followed by a list of practical suggestions for implementing change."

"This extended essay provides a way for quieting, or at least calming, the polarization that characterizes so much free speech and inquiry today . . . Recommended."

"In her compromise between both sides of the cancel wars, Ben-Porath offers solutions to overcome the tendency to cancel."

"Providing a salient and critical, yet soberly hopeful argument in defense of free speech on campus and higher education’s democratic potential, this book is required reading for scholars, faculty, administrators, curriculum revision committees, and state legislatures who aim to candidly assess their institutional aims and practices with a mind for inclusion and democratic ideals."